מחשבי לוח תעשייתיים בהסתכלות על תעשיית ייצור הציוד השנה, שש מגמות פיתוח מרכזיות ראויות לתשומת לב.
1. צמיחת הייצור והיצוא הואצה והתגברה
Since 2015, the recovery of developed economies has remained slow, the expansion of emerging economies has been weak, and the impact of non-economic factors such as geopolitics still exists. my country's economy is in the difficult process of converting old and new kinetic energy. Although the overall stable trend of economic operation has not changed, affected by the downward fluctuation of the market in major industries such as automobiles and the sluggish demand, the growth rate of added value of my country's equipment industry continued to hover at a low level in the first eight months. . In September and October, the automobile and other industries rebounded rapidly, and the growth rate of the equipment industry also stabilized and rebounded. From January to October, the industrial added value of equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated size increased by 5.2 percent year-on-year, lower than the national industrial level in the same period and less than half of the same period in 2014. It is expected that the growth rate of my country's equipment industry will continue to pick up throughout the year, but under the pressure of shrinking investment demand and foreign trade situation, the rate of recovery will be limited, and the annual growth rate in 2015 will be around 5.5 percent . In terms of exports, the growth rate of export delivery value from January to October showed a downward trend month by month, with a cumulative decrease of 2.15 percent year-on-year, and the decline in October decreased slightly, with a year-on-year decrease of 4.32 percent . It is expected that the export situation will remain severe throughout the year, and the cumulative year-on-year decrease in export delivery value will be around 2.5 percent .
It is expected that in 2016, under the stimulus of a series of policies at the beginning of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the downward pressure on my country's equipment industry will decrease. Although the international economic situation is still severe, with the gradual in-depth and accelerated implementation of my country's three major regional development strategies, the medium and long-term manufacturing power building strategy, and the acceleration of international production capacity and equipment manufacturing cooperation, new growth points, growth poles, and growth belts are gradually being implemented. Formed, the domestic economy will maintain a medium-high growth rate. Driven by this, my country's equipment industry will accelerate its development in 2016, and the growth rate of industrial added value will accelerate year-on-year, and it is expected to remain at around 7 percent throughout the year. In terms of exports, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will cultivate and develop the equipment industry as a new export-led industry. At the same time, due to the decline in the export base in 2015, the growth rate of my country's equipment product exports is expected to pick up in 2016, and the export delivery value will achieve a year-on-year increase. It is expected that the cumulative growth rate for the whole year will be around 5 percent .
2. קצב הצמיחה של תעשיית הרכב ממשיך לעלות ולהתייצב
Since 2015, my country's auto industry has accelerated its transformation. The growth rate of production and sales in the first seven months continued to decline, and the industry's downward pressure continued to increase. In August, as the effect of policy implementation began to appear and the new policies such as the halving of the purchase tax for passenger cars of 1.6 liters and below were introduced, the decline in the growth rate of automobile production and sales gradually decreased, and both recovered to positive growth in October. From January to October, production and sales were 19.2803 million and 19.2781 million, an increase of 0.02 percent and 1.51 percent year-on-year. Although they both slowed down significantly compared with the same period of the previous year, the monthly recovery trend is very obvious. Among them, the production and sales of passenger cars grew rapidly, with production and sales of 1,899,700 and 1,936,900 units in October, up 8.1 percent and 13.3 percent year-on-year respectively. The market share of self-owned brand passenger vehicles continued to grow. From January to October, the sales reached 6.7571 million units, a year-on-year increase of 12.6 percent , and the proportion of passenger vehicle sales increased by 3.2 percentage points compared with the same period of the previous year. The growth rate of new energy vehicle production and sales continued to climb. From January to October, a total of 181,225 units were produced and 171,145 units were sold, an increase of 2.7 times and 2.9 times year-on-year respectively. It is expected that under the promotion of policies, automobile production and sales will continue to recover rapidly during the year, and the annual growth rate of automobile production and sales will reach 4 percent and 3 percent .
It is expected that in 2016, due to the stabilization of macroeconomic growth and favorable policies, the growth rate of automobile production and sales will maintain a rapid recovery trend. However, the downward pressure on economic growth brought about by the adjustment of economic structure still exists. Due to the unfavorable factors of environmental protection and traffic congestion, travel restrictions and purchase restrictions continue to deepen, and the space for automobile recovery is limited. It is expected that the growth rate of automobile production and sales throughout the year will gradually stabilize and remain at 7 percent growth. With the strategic emphasis on new energy vehicles and the continuous implementation of multiple policies, local governments have vigorously promoted the application of new energy vehicles in order to control smog and save energy and reduce emissions. The production and sales of new energy vehicles in my country will continue to rise, driving technological innovation in the automotive industry and independent brands Cars are developing rapidly. At the same time, intelligent networked vehicles, driverless vehicles and new fuel cell vehicles driven by the "Internet" will also make new breakthroughs at the beginning of the "13th Five-Year Plan".
3. תעשיית המכונות ממשיכה להתמיין
Since 2015, the operation of my country's machinery industry has faced great difficulties. The growth rate of main indicators has hit a new low, and the overall trend has been sluggish. The performance of some industries is differentiated. From January to October, the added value of general equipment manufacturing increased by 3.2 percent year-on-year, special equipment manufacturing increased by 3.5 percent , electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing increased by 7.3 percent , and instrumentation manufacturing increased by 5.7 percent . The output of main general mechanical products such as pumps, gears, gas compressors, fans, etc. showed a decline in varying degrees; the output of metal cutting machine tools decreased by 8.2 percent year-on-year, of which the output of CNC metal cutting machine tools decreased by 9.8 percent year-on-year, and the metal forming machine tools decreased by 6 percent ; The output of construction machinery declined across the board, and the output of excavators and loaders fell by 24.5 percent and 28.9 percent year-on-year respectively; the output of traditional power generation equipment such as thermal power and wind power declined significantly, but the output of wind turbines increased by 15.8 percent year-on-year; the output of large tractors increased by 32.3 percent year-on-year. percent , medium-sized tractors rose 7.2 percent , but small tractor production fell 15.5 percent year-on-year.
צפוי כי בשנת 2016 עדיין יהיו קיימים גורמים לא וודאיים המשפיעים על הפעילות הכלכלית של הענף, ותעשיית המכונות עדיין תעבור בדיקות קשות. עם זאת, עם יישום הדרגתי של מדיניות בקרת מאקרו-ושיפור הדרגתי של המצב המאקרו-כלכלי, מגמת הירידה של תעשיית המכונות תתייצב בהדרגה. בנוסף, מצטברים גם גורמים חיוביים לפיתוח הענף, וחלק מהמפעלים, התעשיות והאזורים שהחלו בשלב מוקדם של ההתאמה המבנית יאיץ את ההתאוששות. במקביל, חלק מתעשיות המכונות ימשיכו לצמוח ולהתמיין: מוצרי השקעה מסורתיים כמו מכונות בנייה, מכונות כבדות, מכונות כרייה, ציוד פטרוכימי, ציוד לייצור חשמל קונבנציונלי וכושר ייצור של מכונות, מנועי AC, נמוך{{ 2}}מכשירי חשמל, חוטים וכבלים, ומוצרי מכונות חקלאיות כלליות קטנות ובינוניות-. תעשיות עודפים יחסית ימשיכו במגמת הירידה, ומכונות חקלאיות חדשות,-ציוד לחיסכון באנרגיה והגנת הסביבה, ציוד להגנת שרידי תרבות וציוד לוגיסטי מודרני, הנתמכים בעיקר, יגדלו במהירות.
רביעית, תעשיית בניית הספינות תשתפר בהדרגה
בשנת 2015, שהושפעה מהמיתון בשוק הספנות העולמי, צמיחת הספינות וההנדסה הימית הייתה בלחץ גדול. למרות שהשלמת בניית הספינות בארצי התייצבה והתאוששה בתחילת השנה, בגלל המגמה העגומה של השנה הקודמת, ההזמנות החדשות לבניית ספינות המשיכו לרדת בחדות משנה לשנה{1}}לאחר- , מה שהביא לצמיחה שלילית של הזמנות אוניות ביד מאז מרץ, ושלושת האינדיקטורים העיקריים הראו התפתחות של עלייה אחת ושתי ירידות. מַצָב. כמו כן, מחירן של ספינות חדשות ממשיך לרחף ברמה נמוכה ובולטות בעיות כמו קושי באספקה ומימון מפעלי בניית ספינות, היתרונות הכלכליים ירדו ותעשיית הספינות מתמודדת עם מצב קשה. מינואר עד אוקטובר, היקף השלמת בניית הספינות הלאומית היה 32.87 מיליון דואט, עלייה של 15.4% משנה לשנה. מספר הזמנות הספינות החדשות שהתקבלו עמד על 20.38 מיליון דו"ט, ירידה של 62.1% בשנה-לשנה. נכון לסוף אוקטובר, הזמנות הספינות ביד היו 132.01 מיליון טון משקל עצמי, ירידה של 14% משנה לשנה. התמקד במעקב אחר ערך התפוקה התעשייתית הכוללת וההכנסה התפעולית של מפעלי בניית ספינות כדי לשמור על צמיחה יציבה, וערך משלוח היצוא ירד. במקביל, גם שוק הציוד ההנדסי הימי הצטמצם במידה רבה.
It is expected that in 2016, a new round of major adjustments in the international shipping market will continue to deepen, the characteristics of the industrial adjustment cycle will continue to emerge, the demand structure will undergo some trend changes, the demand for conventional ship types such as bulk carriers will remain weak, and the demand for offshore engineering equipment and high-tech ships will continue to grow. stabilized and rebounded. At the same time, affected by the higher standards of ship energy efficiency and emissions, new energy-saving and environmentally friendly bulk carriers, container ships, and oil tankers are expected to become the main body of market demand. LNG ships and LPG ships will maintain strong demand. Demand growth such as cruise ships will be evident. On the whole, affected by the base level in 2015 and the general environment of the "13th Five-Year Plan", the growth rate of shipbuilding completions in 2016 will continue to pick up and stabilize, the year-on-year decline in new orders will be significantly reduced, and the decline in hand-held orders will be further narrowed. .
5. ייצור חכם ממשיך להאיץ את הפיתוח
Since 2015, smart manufacturing has received unprecedented policy attention. The "Made in China 2025" and "Internet" actions focus on deploying intelligent manufacturing, proposing to vigorously develop intelligent manufacturing, carry out pilot demonstrations of intelligent manufacturing, implement major intelligent manufacturing projects, etc., and focus on promoting intelligent manufacturing processes. Sino-German cooperation in intelligent manufacturing and Industry 4.0 has entered a practical stage, and a regular working mechanism has been formally established. The rapid development of new formats and new models represented by smart factories, digital workshops, additive manufacturing technology applications and large-scale personalized customization, network collaborative development, online monitoring, remote diagnosis and cloud services, industrial robots, service robots, and new sensors , The application of intelligent equipment and products such as intelligent instrumentation and control systems, wearable devices, smart home appliances, and smart grids continues to expand, and the demand scale is rapidly expanding.
It is expected that in 2016, with the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" to raise intelligent manufacturing to a new height, the promotion route of intelligent manufacturing in various fields will be further clarified, and Sino-German cooperation will be further deepened, and an open, shared and collaborative intelligent manufacturing industry ecosystem will be built. Promote intelligent upgrading of production equipment, optimization and transformation of technological processes, all-round sharing of basic data, and continuous breakthroughs in key intelligent equipment, products, and core components, and promote new-generation information and communication technology, high-end equipment, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, power equipment, and agricultural machinery equipment. , new materials, biomedicine and high-performance medical equipment and other industries continue to grow and develop, and gradually form a new manufacturing system. And further rely on intelligent manufacturing to innovate industrial formats and development models, and cultivate new growth points in the industry.
6. פיתוחים חדשים בחדשנות ובפיתוח של ציוד-מתקדם
In 2015, in response to changes in domestic and foreign market demand, the equipment manufacturing industry continued to transform and upgrade, and the development of high-end equipment achieved remarkable results. The output value of high-end equipment manufacturing industry accounted for a gradual increase in the proportion of equipment manufacturing industry. "Made in China 2025" clearly takes the high-end equipment innovation project as one of the five projects guided and promoted by the government, and proposes to organize the implementation of large aircraft, aero engines and gas turbines, civil aerospace, intelligent green trains, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, marine engineering equipment and High-tech ships, complete sets of smart grid equipment, CNC machine tools, nuclear power equipment, high-end diagnosis and treatment equipment and a number of special projects and major projects for innovation and industrialization. The purpose is to concentrate resources, make overall plans, break through bottlenecks, improve innovation and development capabilities and international competitiveness, and seize the commanding heights of competition.
זה הופך יותר ויותר ברור שהחדשנות והפיתוח של ציוד-מתקדם עבור מחשבי טאבלט תעשייתיים הפכו למגמה העיקרית של תעשיית הייצור העתידית. המדינה שלי תטמיע לעומק את אסטרטגיית הפיתוח המונעת מהחדשנות, תתמקד בבניית מנועים חדשים ופלטפורמות תומכות לפיתוח, ותאיץ את הטיפוח של מניעים חדשים לצמיחה כלכלית. עם חדשנות מדעית וטכנולוגית הליבה, פלטפורמת השירות הציבורי כתמיכה, פרויקטים מיוחדים גדולים כנקודת ההתחלה, יואצו החדשנות והפיתוח של ציוד-מתקדם המכוון ליישום תעשייתי, ומספר אייקוני ונהיגה במוצרי מפתח וציוד מרכזי תואץ. פריסה, רמת עיצוב עצמאית ויכולת אינטגרציה של המערכת, רמת טכנולוגיית המחקר והפיתוח של רכיבי ליבה שופרו בהדרגה, ויכולת החדשנות התעשייתית שופרה ללא הרף. אצווה של (סטים) ראשונים של ציוד-מתקדם יופעל ויוצג בתחומי הבנייה הכלכלית הלאומית, ייצור חברתי וחיים, ובנייה להגנה לאומית. מסלול הפיתוח התעשייתי והמודל יביאו לפריצות דרך, יניעו את ההתאמה, השינוי והשדרוג של התעשיות המסורתיות ויתרום לבניית ארצנו. יתרונות תחרותיים חדשים בענף הייצור ובסיס מוצק יותר לבניית מעצמת ייצור.
